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The SS ''Caracas'' (1881–1889) was a coastal passenger steamship built by William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia. She was the older sister ship to the ''Valencia''. Both ''Caracas'' and ''Valencia'' served from New York to Venezuela.〔 The short life of ''Caracas'' ended in 1889, when she ran aground in Yaquina Bay under the name ''Yaquina Bay''.〔 ==History== Since 1839, Red D Line had been operating a line of sailing vessels to Venezuela. This continued for almost 40 years.〔 In the summer of 1879, it was decided to replace this service with steamships. At first, three German steamships were chartered to begin these operations.〔 Soon, it was realized that a more permanent specially built fleet was needed. As a result, the Red D Line ordered a pair of steamships from William Cramp and Sons in Philadelphia.〔 The first of the pair, ''Caracas'', was launched in 1881. She weighed around 1,589 tons and left on her maiden voyage in June 1881.〔 The next year, her sister ship, the ''Valencia'', joined the ''Caracas'' on a route from New York to the Venezuelan cities of Laguayra, Puerto Cabello and Caracas.〔 This journey took 26 days to complete and was run twice a month. Both the ''Caracas'' and ''Valencia'' carried a combination passengers, cargo and mail. Both ships featured American crews.〔 Although identical to ''Caracas'', the ''Valencia'' measured shorter in overall length.〔〔 From Caracas, the wooden steamer ''Maracaibo'' offered an extension service to the port of her namesake. Unlike ''Valencia'' and ''Caracas'' which flew the American flag, the ''Maracaibo'' flew the British flag.〔 In 1888, having only served 7 years with the Red D Line, ''Caracas'' was sold for $175,000 to T. Egenton Hogg of the Oregon Pacific Railroad Company. She was renamed ''Yaquina Bay''. She was intended to serve between Yaquina City, Newport and San Francisco, California, where the ''Yaquina Bay'' was to replace the earlier ''Yaquina City'', which had run aground a year earlier. The Oregon Pacific Railroad also operated a railroad line between Yaquina City through Corvallis. By having a combination of steamship and rail service through Yaquina City and Corvallis rather than the usual route through Portland, over 300 miles could be cut from the journey between California and Chicago. With ''Yaquina Bay'' restarting the company's steamship service, travel time from California to Chicago could once again be shortened. Unfortunately, ''Yaquina Bay'' was to never see this ambitious service. While being delivered on December 9, 1888, ''Yaquina Bay'' broke free from the steamer which was towing her and ran aground at the bay of her namesake near the remains of the ''Yaquina City'' and was declared a total loss.〔〔 Having lost a considerable amount of money from the wreck, Hogg stopped his ambitious project and left Oregon a broken man. Local residents believed that the Portland based companies purposely sabotaged both of Hogg's vessels, so as to prevent him from taking away potential customers from their business.〔 ''Caracas'' sister ship, ''Valencia'', went on to serve with the Red D Line until 1898.〔 In 1897, she survived a pre-meditated attack from the Spanish cruiser ''Reina Mercedes''. She became a coastal liner on the west coast of the United States, serving from San Francisco, California to Alaska via Seattle, Washington.〔 For a short period of time, ''Valencia'' served as a troopship for the United States Army during the Spanish–American War. In January 1906, ''Valencia'' suffered a similar fate to the ''Caracas'' when she ran aground off Vancouver Island. She was ripped apart and sunk by the pounding surf, killing 116 people.〔Belyk, Robert C. Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast. New York: Wiley, 2001. ISBN 0-471-38420-8〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Caracas (1881)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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